Laptops with touchpads were then launched by Olivetti and Triumph-Adler in 1992. Psion's MC 200/400/600/WORD Series, introduced in 1989, came with a new mouse-replacing input device similar to a touchpad, although more closely resembling a graphics tablet, as the cursor was positioned by clicking on a specific point on the pad, instead of moving it in the direction of a stroke. Introduced a year later, in 1983, the first battery powered clamshell laptop, the Gavilan SC included a touchpad, which was mounted above its keyboard, rather than below, which became the norm. All of these functions are implemented in the touchpad device driver software, and can be disabled.īy 1982, Apollo desktop computers were equipped with a touchpad on the right side of the keyboard.
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Also, some touchpad drivers support tap zones, regions where a tap will execute a function, for example, pausing a media player or launching an application. Many touchpads use two-finger dragging for scrolling. For example, on certain touchpads, moving the finger along an edge of the touch pad will act as a scroll wheel, controlling the scrollbar and scrolling the window that has the focus, vertically or horizontally. Some touchpads have "hotspots", locations on the touchpad used for functionality beyond a mouse.
Physically the whole clickpad formed a button, logically the driver interprets a click as a left or right button click depending on the placement of fingers. Touchpads are called clickpads if it does not have physical buttons, but instead relies on "software buttons". Touchpad drivers can also allow the use of multiple fingers to emulate the other mouse buttons (commonly two-finger tapping for the center button). To drag, instead of performing the "click-and-a-half" technique, the user presses down while on the object, drags without releasing pressure, and lets go when done. To select, one presses down on the touchpad instead of a physical button. Tactile touchpads allow for clicking and dragging by incorporating button functionality into the surface of the touchpad itself.
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Some touchpads and associated device driver software may interpret tapping the pad as a mouse click, and a tap followed by a continuous pointing motion (a "click-and-a-half") can indicate dragging.
Hardware buttons equivalent to a standard mouse's left and right buttons are sometimes positioned adjacent to the touchpad. For common use as a pointer device, the dragging motion of a finger is translated into a finer, relative motion of the cursor on the output to the display on the operating system, analogous to the handling of a mouse that is lifted and put back on a surface. While touchpads, like touchscreens, are able to sense absolute position, resolution is limited by their size. Fingers insulated by a glove may also be problematic, and capacitive touchpads are rarely used as pointing devices for medical hardware. Capacitance-based touchpads will not sense the tip of a pencil or other similar ungrounded or non-conducting implements.
The most common technology used in the 2010s senses the change of capacitance where a finger touches the pad. Touchpads operate in one of several ways, including capacitive sensing or resistive touchscreen.
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